Wire base brush



March 1927" E. E. CURTIS WIRE BASE BRUSH Filed Nov. 12, I923 INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Patented Mar. 8, 1927. I

. ii-a one UNETED STATES PATENT OFFTCE.

EDTVARD E. CURTIS, OF GLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSEGHOR TO THE (NEORN MANUFACTUR- ING COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION "OF OHIO.

WIRE BASE BRUSH.

Application filed. Novembcr 12., 1923.

This invention relates more particularly to wire base brushes of the so-called twisted-in wire type, and to methods of making the same. Still more particularly it comprises the utilization of more than twoiwircs as the medium for holding the strands of the brush body, producing a brush having three or more spires and with the ends of the strands so closely juxtaposed as to exhibit no distinct line of division between the adjacent spires.

In the method of manufacturing brushes heretofore in use, a single layer of stock has been employed even when more than two wires were twisted together to form the base, and thus only a double spire resulted. Vhere only one layer of stock is thus utilized, there necessarily results a spiral path way along the brush where there are no bristles and; the appearance and durability ot the brush are to a considerable extent affected by such construction.

One object of the present invention, ac cordingly, is to improve brushes of the type in hand and the method of making the same and to provide a brush havinga better dis tribution of filling material and with no distinct gaps between the adjacent rows of bristles or other filling material. Another object of the invention is to provide a. more secure anchorage for the strands of filling material due to the bending of such strands where they passthrough between the twisted wires composing the base. Still a further object of the invention is to provide for a variegated color reflect in the body of the brush. Other objects will appear in the course of the following description.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain means and one mode of carrying out the invention such disclosed means and mode illustrating, however, but several. of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings:

Fig, l is a front elevation showing a brush constructed in accordance with the invention when three wires are employed; Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the three wires of the base in process of assembly but prior to the twisting of the brush, with two layers of stool: interposed between the adjacent wires; Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the manner fierial No. 674,148.

of assembling the wires of the base with the interposed layers of stock; Fig. l is a transverse'sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 2 with the base wires disposed for twisting; Fig. his a transverse sectional view 01' the finished brush; the line of demarcation between spires being exaggerated; Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view similar to Fig. 2, but sho win g a modified form of construction in which the adjacent rows of brush stock have only their end portions placed between the adjacent wires of the base; Fig. 7 is another view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the use of four wires for the base of the brush and three layers of brush stock interposed between said wires; Fig.8 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing the use of four wires for the base of the brush and three layers of brush stock interposed between said adjacent wires; Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view showing a brush constructed with a base comprising two large gage and two small gage wires; Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view of a brush having two layers of stock anda wire base composed of a central wire oi? special cross section and two smaller wires disposed on opposite sides of the narrowed central portion thereof; and Fig. 11 is an elevation showing a commercial form of brush which may be constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention.

As will. appear from Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing, when three wires 1, E2, 3, are utilized in forming a brush in accordance with the invention, the same are placed in vertical position, one abovethe other, and between the adjacent wires, layers 4-, 5 respectively of suitable brush stock such as bristles. wires or similar material interposed. To facilitate such assembly, the ends of said wires may be secured temporarily in vertically slotted holders 6 7, as successive layers of stock are applied. The wires with the brush material held therebetweeu are then removed, brought to the relative positions shown in Fig. 4 and thereupon twisted together in the usual way, as by clamping their respective ends in suitable rotatable heads (not shown).

One or the other of such heads is rotated or, if desired, each may be rotated in opposite directions and the brush material will then form a cylindrical body having three separate spires. The distribution of the material however, is such that it is practically impossible to detect any superficial gaps between the adjacent rows of bristles.

If desired, a variegated elfect may be introduced into the brushes by using one layer of one color of material and a second layer of another color of material. It is also possible to use one layer of brush stock of heavy texture and the other layer of a lighter texture so that a brush having alter nate spires of stiff and soft material may be produced.

A construction of this type is particularly adapted for the re-bent type of brushes such as shown in Fig. 11, inasmuch as no perceptible gap is left at the bend, the brush being represented at B in this figure, and H is the handle.

For certain types of brushes, particularly those formed of pig bristles which have heavy butt ends and tapered outer ends, it is possible to form the brush in the manner disclosed in Fig. 6 wherein the outer ends or tips 11 of the bristles are interposed between the wires 12, 13, 14 of the base and the butt ends of the bristles 15 project and form the circumferential portion of the brush. It will be understood, of course, that the disposition of the bristles may be reversed in this construction if desired, the butt ends being secured in the twisted wire base.

By the use of three or more wires, a bend is introduced into the main base portion of the brushes which will form a more secure anchorage for the filler material and prevent it from loosening as readily as where a base composed of two wires is used. This is particularly important in the case where the bristles are placed in oifset relation to the base as in the form disclosed in Fig. 6. An increased gripping effect is also secured.

By the use of four instead of three wires and of three instead of two interposed layers of stock, a brush having four spires is obtained and an even greater density of material is produced, see Figs. 7 and 8, in which the wires are assembled with the brush material S. lVhere four wires are thus used to form the base, two of the wires may be made of heavy gage and two of lighter gage; as shown in Fig. 9, the lighter wires 21 will then he in the grooves formed between the juxtaposed heavy wires 22 and will not force in between the heavy wires in the course of the twisting operation above described. In place of using two heavy wires, a single wire 32 having figure 8 cross section may be used as the central wire of the wire base and two lighter wires 31 may then be positioned in the groove at either side of the narrow section of said central wire (see Fig. 10). In such construction, a substantial solid section may be used to form the main body portion of the base and the lighter wires may be of much smaller gage.

As is illustrated in Fig. 11, a brush constructed in accordance with the invention presents a solid superficial surface in which it is difiicult to detect any space between the spires. The brushes so constructed are found to have greater durability than the brushes constructed with a two-wire base, the bristles or other brush material being more firmly gripped between the several wires and the body portions thereof presenting a uniformly dense and a more effective contact surface.

With the brushes so formed, a variety of handles or other supports may be provided, depending upon the particular use towhich the brushes are to be put.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the means herein disclosed, provided those stated by any one of the following claims or their equivalents be employed.

1 therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. In an article of the character described, the combination of a twisted wire base comprising at least three wires, and one less number of layers of brush material twisted in said wires and forming spires closely juxtaposed. 1

2. In an article of the character described, the combination of a twisted wire base comprising three wires, and two sets of brush material twisted in said wires and combining to form at least three spires.

3. In an article of the character described, the combination of a plurality of layers of brush stock, a series of wires one more in number than the number of brush stock layers, said wires being positioned between and on the outer sides of said layers respectively and twisted upon each other to form a wire base brush having at least three spires.

4. In an article of the character described, the combination of a plurality of layers of brush stock, a series of wires of heavy and lighter gage respectively positioned between and on the outer sides of said layers respectively and twisted upon each other to form a wire base brush having at least three spires.

5. In an article of the character described, the combination of a plurality of layers of brush stock, a wire of heavy and. two wires of lighter gage, the heavier wire being of ligure 8 cross section, positioned between and on the outer sides of said layers respectively and twisted upon. each other to form a wire base brush having four spires.

Signed by me this 9th day of November,

. EDWARD E. CURTISi 

